Famous for appearing in the pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk, the rhyme is pretty old - centuries old in fact
The first appearance we know about is its reference in the 1596 pamphlet "Haue with You to Saffron-Walden" by Thomas Nashe, who says that the rhyme was already old and its origins obscure.
'Fee-fi-fo-fum' lyrics
Fee-fi-fo-fum, I smell the blood of an Englishman, Be he alive, or be he dead I'll grind his bones to make my bread
More famous nursery rhyme lyrics
Main image © Arthur Rackham, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons